Moving, wrecked, abandoned, and drifting vessels drastically impact everything from coastal habitats to fishery resources, tourism, and recreation. Recently, the ship São Luís, stationed in Guanabara Bay, collided with the Rio-Niterói Bridge. This accident brought up the problem of marine pollution from water traffic. This study aims to evaluate the risks of accidents and the environmental contamination from abandoned vessels in this estuary. The methodology included a broad bibliographic compilation of studies on this relevant body of water, such as metal pollution, endocrine disruptors, paints, microplastics, emissions, ballast water, garbage, oil, and cargo residues. The results point to significant risks for the bay. In this case, specific legislation is a must, especially with the development of practical strategies, monitoring, and environmental management plans for this important ecosystem.
Keywords: Water pollution; Marine accidents; Ecological risks.